Introduction
The Kota Tinggi town in east Johor, Malaysia experienced two consequential extreme floods in December 2006 and January 2007 that paralysed the area and interrupted peoples’ daily activities for quite a long period. In order to reduce future risks, the Johor State Government immediately committed to a resettlement program that involved 360 families from six highly flood-affected kampung (villages). This study reviews their experiences in the new resettlement named Desa Sejahtera, as compared to the kampung based on the fieldwork conducted between December 2014 and January 2016.
Disaster Recovery Process
There are four significant phases of disaster recovery process: (1) Immediate response - including providing medicals, foods and clean water supply, emergency search and life rescues; (2) Short term response - where the provision of temporary or transitional shelters are prepared for victims, recovering minimum standard public services and infrastructures, rebuilding permanent houses, and mental rehabilitation; (3) Medium response - recovering economy, identifying beneficiaries and local capacities; (4) Long-term response - constructing the whole system, continuous support and resettlement. Desa Sejahtera is part of the long-term discovery response. The government took 5 years to complete the project before the beneficiaries moved there.
There is a need to pay greater attention to the resettlement program as disaster recovery responses as it requires number of considerations. This is because people that are moving have lived in the kampung for a long period of time. Some families association with the kampung stretched over many generations and consequently they felt deeply rooted in their location. In many ways, living with regular flooding had influenced their historical patterns of intervention and architecture. It also involves the upheaval of people and livelihoods and may also provoke social disruption. Kampung has a broader meaning, which encompasses home, familiar surroundings, relatives and neighbors and is the focus of life and activities, ranging from farming practices, to communal rites, social functions, and religious rituals.
Nor Izura T., Tyszczuk, R., 2015. Post-flood disaster responses in Malaysia: Kota Tinggi resettlement revisited, in: Wisdom of the Tropics: Past, Present & Future. Presented at the International Joint conference SENVAR-iNTA-AVAN 2015, Institut Sultan Iskandar (ISI), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, pp. 6–55 – 6–71.
Other Research Posters.
For other research posters, please refer here.
The Kota Tinggi town in east Johor, Malaysia experienced two consequential extreme floods in December 2006 and January 2007 that paralysed the area and interrupted peoples’ daily activities for quite a long period. In order to reduce future risks, the Johor State Government immediately committed to a resettlement program that involved 360 families from six highly flood-affected kampung (villages). This study reviews their experiences in the new resettlement named Desa Sejahtera, as compared to the kampung based on the fieldwork conducted between December 2014 and January 2016.
There are four significant phases of disaster recovery process: (1) Immediate response - including providing medicals, foods and clean water supply, emergency search and life rescues; (2) Short term response - where the provision of temporary or transitional shelters are prepared for victims, recovering minimum standard public services and infrastructures, rebuilding permanent houses, and mental rehabilitation; (3) Medium response - recovering economy, identifying beneficiaries and local capacities; (4) Long-term response - constructing the whole system, continuous support and resettlement. Desa Sejahtera is part of the long-term discovery response. The government took 5 years to complete the project before the beneficiaries moved there.
Relocation map
The diagram shows the distance of the existing location of six highly affected kampung from the new resettlement. All of the kampung are located nearby the Johor River. However, these villages, with the exception of Kampung Sungai Berangan, were quite special as they are ‘villages within the town’ located by the river but within reach of the town center.
Conclusion
Further reading
For other research posters, please refer here.
Introduction
Keywords: terraced houses, parametric design, computational, prefabrication
This study is an illustration of how terraced houses in Malaysia could benefit from the use of parametric design process throughout its development. Existing issues related to housing are a result of inefficient design processes and outdated technology in the building industry that must be addressed. In order to understand this issue, the development of terraced houses is reviewed based on the author’s experience whilst highlighting the crucial facts for the advantage of the new parametric approach.
By learning from the vernacular architecture such as the Traditional Malay houses, elements of design concepts are valuable to the current housing industry while existing practice of terraced houses design lacks in the innovation of spatial configuration and construction methods. Thus the paper discusses the benefits of using parametric design and computational approach in the design process of Architects as well as in the construction works. It goes on to provide practical examples of parametric projects and feasible building production technology used elsewhere that is exceptionally efficient.
The paper continues to provide relevant ideas relating to the topic of parametric such as the use of algorithm and codebased scripting cultures. However, the paper attempts to demonstrate computational design beyond the perception of merely a drafting tool but offering assistance to Architects in design thinking. Detail analysis of ideas suggests the appropriate solutions that are applicable to the context of terraced houses in Malaysia to the advantage of sustainability, socially and needs. The paper concludes that parametric design in the computational approach has the potentials to transform the practice of terraced houses development in the future.
Reference to the Study.
Aiman has since received his Ph.D. award in January 2019.
This dissertation was submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MSc Sustainable Architectural Studies in 2012.
Other Research Posters.
For other research posters, please refer here.
Keywords: terraced houses, parametric design, computational, prefabrication
This study is an illustration of how terraced houses in Malaysia could benefit from the use of parametric design process throughout its development. Existing issues related to housing are a result of inefficient design processes and outdated technology in the building industry that must be addressed. In order to understand this issue, the development of terraced houses is reviewed based on the author’s experience whilst highlighting the crucial facts for the advantage of the new parametric approach.
By learning from the vernacular architecture such as the Traditional Malay houses, elements of design concepts are valuable to the current housing industry while existing practice of terraced houses design lacks in the innovation of spatial configuration and construction methods. Thus the paper discusses the benefits of using parametric design and computational approach in the design process of Architects as well as in the construction works. It goes on to provide practical examples of parametric projects and feasible building production technology used elsewhere that is exceptionally efficient.
The paper continues to provide relevant ideas relating to the topic of parametric such as the use of algorithm and codebased scripting cultures. However, the paper attempts to demonstrate computational design beyond the perception of merely a drafting tool but offering assistance to Architects in design thinking. Detail analysis of ideas suggests the appropriate solutions that are applicable to the context of terraced houses in Malaysia to the advantage of sustainability, socially and needs. The paper concludes that parametric design in the computational approach has the potentials to transform the practice of terraced houses development in the future.
Reference to the Study.
Aiman has since received his Ph.D. award in January 2019.
This dissertation was submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MSc Sustainable Architectural Studies in 2012.
Other Research Posters.
For other research posters, please refer here.
As part of Izura's PhD study on flood and architectural disaster-respond, AN/DS has came out with a design proposal for the development of permanent housing solutions for flood-prone areas. The PhD study has discovered that the flood-affected communities prefered to stay within their current inhabitant although it is uncertain if disasters may struck again in the future. Nonetheless, previous resettlement programs due to disasters initiated by some agencies, including governments and private stakeholders, were only successfull in deployment however had neglected the fundamental requirement for local livelihoods; creating 'homes' that brings a sense of place, sense of belonging and sense of cultural values for the communities.
The proposal is divided into two, one is to cater for houses built on the original land, the other is a new permanent resettlement for communities to relocate to. Both proposal intends to establish that post-flood recovery in architecture should be flexible to the habitant needs as well as to adapt with the chaging climate in order to create a resilient community in Malaysia.
The project description is described in Malay below:
Rumah TAMBAH
Asas. Fleksible. Responsif. Kos efektif. Teknologi.
1. Asas
Penyediaan elemen dan ruang untuk sebuah rumah yang asas bagi membolehkan penghuni menjalani kehidupan yang optimum setelah menghadapi banjir. Elemen pengudaraan dan pencahayaan turut diambilkira bagi memberi keselesaan kepada penghuni Rumah TAMBAH ini.
2. Responsif
Rekabentuk Rumah TAMBAH mengambilkira situasi sewaktu banjir dan pasca banjir bagi mengurangkan trauma serta kerugian yang dialami penghuni (mangsa banjir). Antara komponen rekabentuk yang responsif terhadap banjir adalah seperti:
Lantai tinggi dan boleh buka
Lantai aras bawah dibina lebih tinggi dari aras tanah sebagai langkah awal menangani banjir. Selain daripada itu, struktur lantai merupakan struktur yang boleh dibuka bagi memudahkan kerja-kerja pembersihan pasca banjir.
Laluan kecemasan
Penyediaan laluan kecemasan adalah bagi membolehkan penghuni Rumah TAMBAH untuk keluar dari rumah ketika berlakunya banjir besar. Setiap unit Rumah TAMBAH dilengkapi dengan dua ruang/laluan kecemasan.
Ruang simpanan
Ruang simpanan diadakan berdasarkan ruang loteng yang terdapat pada rekabentuk kebanyakan rumah kampung. Ruang ini terletak di bahagian bumbung bagi menyimpan barangan seperti dokumen penting dan juga bekalan makanan ketika kecemasan.
3. Fleksibel
Rumah TAMBAH direkabentuk sebagai sebuah rumah yang fleksibel. Ia terbahagi kepada dua bahagian utama yang boleh dibina secara berperingkat. Bahagian pertama dibina pada peringkat awal menempatkan ruang-ruang utama seperti ruang tamu, ruang makan, dapur, tandas, bilik tidur. Bahagian kedua pula, cuma mempunyai kerangka asas seperti tiang dan rasuk bagi membolehkan pengubahsuaian di masa akan datang. Penghuni boleh memasang semula komponen-komponen bangunan dari rumah lama mereka bagi menambah keluasan rumah dan memberikan identiti kepada rumah baru. Secara tidak langsung rekabentuk jenis ini memberikan penghuni fleksibiliti untuk menaiktaraf status keluarga, setelah kemusnahan yang dihadapi ketika banjir.
4. Kos efektif
Rekabentuk yang cuma dilengkapi ruang-ruang asas (di peringkat pertama) di dalam Rumah TAMBAH membolehkan ia dibina dengan kos yang minimum. Pengubahsuaian boleh dilakukan mengikut keadaan ekonomi dan juga keperluan ruang bagi sesebuah keluarga. Sekaligus menjadikan Rumah TAMBAH sebagai rumah yang kos efektif.
5. Teknologi
Rumah Tambah dibina menggunakan teknologi pasang siap bagi membolehkan pembinaan dibuat dalam jangkamasa yang singkat.
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Introduction
On 27th September 2017 and as part of the presentation for his PhD viva, Aiman of AN/DS presented a brief explanation on his study of craftsmen and Malay house building. This poster serves as a summary of all the methodologies, case studies, subjects as well as the outcomes from the findings. The intertwined relationship of all the elements within the study was celebrated in a graphical representation as this was a crucial part of the Ph.D. journey. Other posters completed throughout the study were also displayed in order to give clarity as well as to provide a story-telling to the research process for further discussion with the panels.
Final Copy of Study.
Aiman has since received his Ph.D. award in January 2019.
Eventually, the final topic for his submitted Ph.D. theses was adjusted to "Disassembly and Assembly in the Malay Building Culture".
It can be read and downloaded from here:
http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22827/
Other Research Posters.
For other research posters, please refer here.
On 27th September 2017 and as part of the presentation for his PhD viva, Aiman of AN/DS presented a brief explanation on his study of craftsmen and Malay house building. This poster serves as a summary of all the methodologies, case studies, subjects as well as the outcomes from the findings. The intertwined relationship of all the elements within the study was celebrated in a graphical representation as this was a crucial part of the Ph.D. journey. Other posters completed throughout the study were also displayed in order to give clarity as well as to provide a story-telling to the research process for further discussion with the panels.
 |
| Viva Presentation at the Arts Tower, University of Sheffield. |
 |
| Aiman (middle) with Prof. D. Maudlin from the University of Plymouth (left) and Dr. Krzysztof Nawratek from Sheffield School of Architecture as viva panels. |
Aiman has since received his Ph.D. award in January 2019.
Eventually, the final topic for his submitted Ph.D. theses was adjusted to "Disassembly and Assembly in the Malay Building Culture".
It can be read and downloaded from here:
http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22827/
Other Research Posters.
For other research posters, please refer here.
AN/DS submitted a Design Proposal dubbed as the 'FREELIBRARY' for a Design Competition held in 2013. It was developed as a social design to promote literacy and the love for knowledge by providing a space for reading, learning and gathering.
The Project Description
FREELIBRARY is both temporary and permanent product that intends to give low-‐cost-house communities a library that is within their reach. It utilises the ground floor open space of low-cost multistorey flats. In order to regenerate the ‘wasted’ space underneath the flats, active communal activity had to be created.
With current children and adult libraries that are only accessible by private transport, in far-‐off places and closed on weekends, the FREELIBRARY are reachable by many within the community.
FREELIBRARY requires the community to assemble the boxes into functional forms between concrete columns underneath low-cost flats. The boxes are made from sturdy and durable plywood material that can be manufactured by local carpenters. The plywoods are mortised at each end and fixed together using a strong adhesive to create a sturdy rectangular box. Each box has 20mm screw gaps for inserting special bolts to fasten the boxes together.
Boxes are stacked as part of the strategy to save storage spaces during transportation. Therefore, the height of the boxes varies and requires that the arrangement of boxes be in the correct horizontal layout as per their group of sizes. As part of the scheme, the boxes are prepackaged in configurations that are modular in size for ease of handling.
FREELIBRARY is designed to be modular for the communities to configure spaces themselves. It can be disassembled, constructed elsewhere as required and reusable as other purposes. Instead of disposing the boxes, the plywood can be recycled to be used as chip woods in the furniture industry. Besides creating an outdoor and public library, the FREELIBRARY can be commercialized for use at homes and offices.
FREELIBRARY concept hopes to create awareness on the importance of books for knowledge as well as giving non-privilege children and adults a chance to possess their own book collection in a community. Therefore consistent community programs are required for books to be donated to the FREELIBRARY as well as events to occur around activities related. This ensures that Malaysian people and communities are exposed to wide range of knowledge for us to compete with other developing countries.
'Now Everybody Can Read' with the FREELIBRARY.
If you are interested in engaging and working with us on your next project, please contact us at:
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Introduction.
Traditional Malay house is a dying craft in Malaysia as contemporary building materials and techniques predominate the construction industry. The Malay house, built over generations by Malay master-craftsmen, represents the indigenous of the Malay society often associated with abstract beliefs and symbolism. Based on UNESCO’s definition of cultural heritage, the Malay house constitutes both intangible and tangible aspect, acting as a symbol of Malay identity. While the latter delineate the preservation of the built form, intangible cultural heritage stresses the importance of the safeguarding, dissemination and reproduction of traditional craftsmen practices and knowledge in Malay house building.
A traditional Malay craftsman is bounded by the hierarchy of labour between a Master craftsman and its apprentices (Sennett, 2009), however as a forgotten trade, traditional Malay builders are now scarce, leaving a significant generation gap that is leading to the loss of knowledge in traditional making. In the past, practices of Malay house building include rituals and technical know-how which was based on an oral culture, hence the extinction of Malay craftsmen hints at an heritage processes of cultural stagnation (Alivizatou, 2012).
This study documents and evaluates a ‘reverse-engineering’ technique, an alternative view on knowledge transfer in contrast to the apprenticeship knowledge system. This notion was discovered during the author’s fieldwork with modern Malay craftsmen, which exploits the disassembly process of a Malay house as a tool to reveal evidence of rituals, indigenous and tacit knowledge embedded in each component of the house. By adopting the Material Culture Theory, the house becomes the narratives of intangible cultural heritage processes.
Traditional Malay house is a dying craft in Malaysia as contemporary building materials and techniques predominate the construction industry. The Malay house, built over generations by Malay master-craftsmen, represents the indigenous of the Malay society often associated with abstract beliefs and symbolism. Based on UNESCO’s definition of cultural heritage, the Malay house constitutes both intangible and tangible aspect, acting as a symbol of Malay identity. While the latter delineate the preservation of the built form, intangible cultural heritage stresses the importance of the safeguarding, dissemination and reproduction of traditional craftsmen practices and knowledge in Malay house building.
A traditional Malay craftsman is bounded by the hierarchy of labour between a Master craftsman and its apprentices (Sennett, 2009), however as a forgotten trade, traditional Malay builders are now scarce, leaving a significant generation gap that is leading to the loss of knowledge in traditional making. In the past, practices of Malay house building include rituals and technical know-how which was based on an oral culture, hence the extinction of Malay craftsmen hints at an heritage processes of cultural stagnation (Alivizatou, 2012).
This study documents and evaluates a ‘reverse-engineering’ technique, an alternative view on knowledge transfer in contrast to the apprenticeship knowledge system. This notion was discovered during the author’s fieldwork with modern Malay craftsmen, which exploits the disassembly process of a Malay house as a tool to reveal evidence of rituals, indigenous and tacit knowledge embedded in each component of the house. By adopting the Material Culture Theory, the house becomes the narratives of intangible cultural heritage processes.
What is a Malay house?
The traditional Malay houses are characterized by features such as lightweight timber-framed system on stilts footing, distinguishable from heavy built forms of other southeast Asian houses (Waterson, 1997).
The Malays were among the pioneers in modular constructions and prefabrication (Hilton, 1992) where houses can be extended, disassembled and relocated in response to their spiritual beliefs towards the environment.
Conclusion.
The fundamental challenge behind this study is to transmit intangible knowledge and understanding the technical and tacit qualities in building the traditional Malay house, in a period where there is a generation gap among the traditional and contemporary Malay craftsmen. Therefore, the course of action in the disassembly process of a Malay house provides an alternative and invaluable approach towards learning and knowledge transfer among future generations, enabling them to master old techniques and evolve new craft practices rooted in the present.
References and further reading.
- Alivizatou, M., 2012. Intangible Heritage and the Museum: New Perspectives on Cultural Preservation. Left Coast Press Inc, Walnut Creek, Calif.
- Ariffin, S.I., 2000. A Mathematical Explanation Of The Magic Measurements Found In The “Taj-Ul-Mulk” And The “Pawang’s Book.” J. Malays. Branch R. Asiat. Soc. 73, 91–105.
- Hilton, R.N., 1992. Defining the Malay House. J. Malays. Branch R. Asiat. Soc. 65, 39–70.
- Sennett, R., 2009. The Craftsman. Penguin, London.
- Waterson, R., 1997. The Living House: An Anthropology of architecture in South-East Asia. Thames and Hudson, London.
- All images/figures edited and sourced from Lim, J.Y., 1987. The Malay house: Rediscovering Malaysia’s Indigenous Shelter System. Institut Masyarakat Pulau Pinang.
The thought of future associated with climate change is often described as complicated and uncertain. It is generally understood that climate change requires greater adaptability and localise responses. In the case of Malaysia, flood disasters are predicted to become more frequent and uncertain within a climate-changed future. This is particularly concerning with the challenges presented to architectural practice in Malaysia in responding towards adaptation measures from extreme weather impacts.
The Malaysian National Security Council defines disaster as an incident that occurs in a sudden manner, complex in its nature, causes losses of lives, damages to property or natural environment and has a profound effect to local activities.
The study is based on fieldworks conducted in Kota Tinggi, Johor and Kuala Krai, Kelantan between December 2014 and January 2016, at a time that coincides with the Kelantan flood in December 2014; a disaster that was recorded unprecedented in Malaysian history. Thus, this situation calls for acute measures from different bodies and agencies for post-flood actions, including architectural responses to help victims rebuild their lives and reconstruct spatial environment.
Mapping the post-flood events
The research poster maps and outlines the chronology of flood disasters and its aftermath, documented during the fieldworks to represent the various parties involved. Mapping is used as a main tool in the research to understand and compare the frameworks of ‘recovery and response’ for two different scenarios (Kota Tinggi and Kuala Krai), emphasizes on phases of post-flood events affecting the victims.
Initial review of both scenarios suggests that the post-flood framework within Kuala Krai is more complex due to involvement from large groups of private organisations and public agencies, at different phases compared to the case in Kota Tinggi. Therefore, these active participations in Kuala Krai demonstrate an increasing level of preparedness and awareness on flood issues and its implications within the local context.
Other Research Posters.
For other research posters, please refer here.
If you are interested in engaging and working with us on your next project, please contact us at:
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The description is under construction.
andsprojects@gmail.com
(or) +60137792620
or for further information please click here.
AMR Environmental Sdn. Bhd. had approached AN/DS to produce a promotional pamphlet for their groundwater treatment services. AN/DS developed a simple chronologicall graphic demonstrating the works which will be conducted and the advantages of AMR product for a cleaner and sustainable treatment of natural environment.
This is a partly promotional but educational way of convincing Client to pursue the idea.
The graphics are still in progress.
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If you are interested in engaging and working with us on your next project, please contact us at:
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andsprojects@gmail.com
(or) +60137792620
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The Malaysia Hall Canteen in London opened in 2018 with a new vendor and as part of the takeover procedure, wanted to revamp the interior of the space. AN/DS were commissioned to design welcoming signage which will become the backdrop for it's counter and buffet line. Within a tight budget and schedule, AN/DS proposed a simple steel-framed black acrylic backing material with gold embossed wordings and carving patterns which is in contrast to the existing blue mosaic tiles.
The signage remains until today.
The signage remains until today.
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AN/DS was approached by the PIBG commitee of a religious school (Sekolah Agama) in one of the district of Johor to design a new outdoor hall area. The structure was proposed to be built within the enclosure of an existing L-shaped two-storey building profile. The structure will create a sheltered area for students assembly as well as to benefit other activities under the schorching sun.
AN/DS had proposed a few proposals looking at different aspect of the hall function and aesthetics, considering the activities, penetration and screening of the sun as well as ventilation. The design also examines the affect of the structural form on the existing spaces especially from the first floor corridors and classrooms.
If you are interested in engaging and working with us on your next project, please contact us at:
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AN/DS had proposed a few proposals looking at different aspect of the hall function and aesthetics, considering the activities, penetration and screening of the sun as well as ventilation. The design also examines the affect of the structural form on the existing spaces especially from the first floor corridors and classrooms.
***
***
***
***
***
If you are interested in engaging and working with us on your next project, please contact us at:
andsprojects@gmail.com
(or) +60137792620
or for further information please click here.
The description is under construction.
If you are interested in engaging and working with us on your next project, please contact us at:
andsprojects@gmail.com
(or) +60137792620
or for further information please click here.
If you are interested in engaging and working with us on your next project, please contact us at:
andsprojects@gmail.com
(or) +60137792620
or for further information please click here.
Aiman and Nor Izura of AN/DS adopted the visual graphical methods such as research posters to disseminate their research outcomes. As an alternative to paper publications, research poster could convey ideas faster and more productive, especially among the public or non-scholars. Over the past few years during their postgraduate studies in Sheffield UK, Aiman and Nor Izura had presented multiple graphical research posters, received awards and had specialised in formulating research posters for others. The posters were produced with simple and meaningful illustration, making the research considerably interactive and fun.
If you are interested in engaging and working with us on your next research poster, please drop us an email:
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